ABO Allele Inheritance

Child ABO genotype = one allele from Parent 1 (Iᴬ, Iᴮ, or i) + one allele from Parent 2 (Iᴬ, Iᴮ, or i)

Each parent contributes one of their two ABO alleles to the child. The A (Iᴬ) and B (Iᴮ) alleles are codominant; the O (i) allele is recessive. This produces six possible genotypes (AA, AO, BB, BO, AB, OO) mapping to four phenotypes (A, B, AB, O).

Rh 인자 유전

Child Rh genotype = one allele from Parent 1 (D or d) + one allele from Parent 2 (D or d)

The D allele (Rh-positive) is dominant over the d allele (Rh-negative). Rh-positive parents may be DD or Dd; Rh-negative parents are always dd. Two Dd parents have a 25% chance of a dd (Rh-negative) child.

Punnett Square Probability

P(phenotype) = (number of squares producing phenotype) ÷ (total squares, typically 4)

A Punnett square cross produces 4 equally likely genotype outcomes. The probability of each child phenotype equals the count of squares yielding that phenotype divided by 4. For combined ABO × Rh, multiply ABO and Rh probabilities independently.

Combined Blood Type Probability

P(ABO type AND Rh type) = P(ABO type) × P(Rh type)

Because the ABO gene (chromosome 9) and Rh gene (chromosome 1) are inherited independently, the probability of a specific full blood type (e.g., A+) is the product of the ABO probability and the Rh probability.