천문학 및 우주

천체 사진을 위한 무료 500 규칙 계산기 — 500 규칙, NPF 규칙 및 모든 규칙 변형을 사용하여 별 흔적을 피하기 위한 최대 셔터 속도를 즉시 찾을 수 있습니다.

무료 천체사진 노출 계산기 — 500 규칙, 400 규칙, 300 규칙, NPF 규칙, 그리고 플레이트 스케일 방법을 사용하여 최대 비추적 셔터 속도를 계산하고, 추적된 심우주 이미징을 위한 SNR 기반 서브 노출 계획을 제공합니다.

Free Delta-V (Δv) rocket equation calculator using the Tsiolkovsky equation. Solve for velocity change, initial mass, final mass, or Isp with multi-stage support, engine presets, and mission budgets.

Free Habitable Zone (HZ) Calculator using Kopparapu et al. (2013/2014) polynomial model — compute conservative and optimistic HZ boundaries, equilibrium temperature, stellar lifetime, snow line, ESI score, and more for any star.

Free Hohmann Transfer Orbit Calculator — compute delta-V burns, transfer time, orbital velocities, and propellant mass for transfers between two circular orbits or between planets.

무료 허블 상수 (H₀) 계산기 — 허블의 법칙을 양방향으로 해결하여 후퇴 속도, 거리, 적색편이 및 우주 나이를 스펙트럼 선 프리셋으로 계산합니다.

Free Light Year to Parsec Converter — instantly convert between light-years (ly), parsecs (pc), kiloparsecs (kpc), megaparsecs (Mpc), gigaparsecs (Gpc), astronomical units (AU), kilometers, and miles. Includes all-unit breakdown, cosmic scale indicator, famous distances reference, light travel time, parallax converter, and preset famous astronomical objects.

Free Lunar Eclipse Calculator — browse upcoming total, partial, and penumbral lunar eclipses from 2026 to 2032 with contact times, magnitude, visibility regions, and local time conversion.

Free Moon Phase Calculator — instantly find the current lunar phase for any date, including illumination percentage, moon age, upcoming phases, gardening guidance, and more.

Free Planet Orbital Period Calculator using Kepler's Third Law — compute orbital period, semi-major axis, or central body mass for any planet, moon, or exoplanet orbiting any star.

Free Stellar Parallax Distance Calculator — convert parallax angles to distances in parsecs, light-years, AU, and km. Includes preset famous stars, bidirectional mode, distance modulus, and precision tier analysis.

Free cosmological Redshift Calculator — compute recession velocity, luminosity distance, lookback time, and more from spectral wavelengths or redshift z using the ΛCDM model with Planck 2018 parameters.

Free Schwarzschild Radius (event horizon) calculator — compute the critical radius at which any mass becomes a black hole, surface gravity, average density, Hawking temperature, photon sphere, and ISCO radius.

Free Solar Eclipse Calculator — browse upcoming solar eclipses from 2025 to 2030, explore eclipse types (total, annular, partial, hybrid), view magnitude and obscuration data, contact times, Saros series, and countdown to the next solar eclipse event.

Free Star Magnitude Calculator — compute apparent magnitude, absolute magnitude, luminosity, distance modulus, and brightness ratios using the Pogson scale and distance modulus formula.

Free Sunrise and Sunset Calculator — find exact sunrise, sunset, solar noon, twilight, golden hour, and blue hour times for any location and date using the Jean Meeus / NOAA solar algorithm.

Free Telescope Magnification Calculator — instantly compute magnification, exit pupil, true field of view, resolution limits, and light grasp for any telescope and eyepiece combination. Supports Barlow lenses, focal reducers, and multi-eyepiece comparison.